Naphtho[2,3-c]furan-1,3-dione, also known as 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride, is a polycyclic aromatic compound featuring a naphthalene core fused with a maleic anhydride moiety. This structure imparts significant electron-accepting properties and planarity, making it a valuable building block in materials science. Its primary application is as a key precursor in the synthesis of high-performance organic electronic materials. It is extensively used to construct n-type organic semiconductors, particularly perylene diimide (PDI) and naphthalene diimide (NDI) derivatives, which are crucial components in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The anhydride group readily reacts with amines to form the corresponding imides, enabling the creation of materials with tunable electronic properties, high thermal stability, and excellent charge transport characteristics. Furthermore, this compound serves as a monomer for the synthesis of polyimides and other high-temperature polymers. These polymers, derived from its reaction with diamines, are used in applications requiring exceptional thermal resistance, mechanical strength, and dielectric properties, such as in advanced coatings and flexible electronic substrates.