pilocarpine, CAS No. 54-71-7

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54-71-7

Catalog No. EBD2204570

CAS 54-71-7

Name pilocarpine

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Basic Information

Synonyms: pilocarpine (+)-Pilocarpinehydrochloride pilocarpinehcl (3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-onehydrochloride(1:1) (3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one Pilocarpinehydrochloride

Molecular Formula: C11H17ClN2O2

Molecular Weight: 244.72

MDL Number: MFCD00012722

Categories: Medicinal Chemistry > APIs and Their Salts > Sensory Drugs Medicinal Chemistry > APIs and Their Salts > Nervous System Drugs

Product Description:

Pilocarpine hydrochloride is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid, specifically a cholinergic agonist. It is a white, crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water. The compound is a derivative of imidazole and contains a lactone ring, with the hydrochloride salt form enhancing its stability and solubility for pharmaceutical use. Its primary and most significant application is in ophthalmology for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It acts as a direct muscarinic receptor agonist, causing miosis (pupil constriction) and increasing the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye, thereby reducing intraocular pressure. It is also used to reverse mydriasis (dilated pupils) induced by other agents. Beyond ophthalmology, pilocarpine hydrochloride is used systemically to treat symptoms of dry mouth (xerostomia) associated with conditions like Sjögren's syndrome or radiation therapy, due to its stimulatory effect on salivary and sweat glands. As an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), it is formulated into various dosage forms, including eye drops, oral tablets, and gels. It is listed in major pharmacopoeias such as the USP and EP. Handling requires caution as it can cause systemic side effects like sweating, nausea, and bradycardia if absorbed in significant amounts.

Physical Properties

Color: white

Melting Point: 202-205 °C(lit.)

Boiling Point: 431.8 °C at 760 mmHg

Flash Point: 215 °C

Density: 1.22 g/cm3

Solubility: H2O: 100 mg/mL

Storage: 2-8°C

Safety Information

Packing Level: II

Hazard Category: 6.1

Transport Codes: 1544PSN2

Analytical Data

Appearance: white crystalline solid