(2S)-Pinocembrin is a chiral flavanone, specifically the (S)-enantiomer of pinocembrin. It is a natural product primarily isolated from plants such as *Eucalyptus* and *Populus* species, as well as from propolis. Its core structure consists of a flavanone skeleton with hydroxyl groups at positions 5 and 7. Extensive pharmacological research highlights its significant biological activities. It is a well-studied neuroprotective agent, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. These properties make it a promising candidate for the development of therapeutic agents targeting neurological disorders such as cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Its mechanism often involves the modulation of key signaling pathways like PI3K/Akt and Nrf2. Beyond neuroprotection, (2S)-Pinocembrin has demonstrated other potential therapeutic benefits, including antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. Due to its natural origin and potent bioactivity, it serves as a crucial reference standard and a lead compound in drug discovery, particularly within the realm of natural product-based pharmaceuticals.