Α-Boswellic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid acid primarily isolated from the gum resin of *Boswellia serrata* (Indian frankincense). It is one of the major bioactive boswellic acids, characterized by its specific pentacyclic structure with a carboxyl group. This compound exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity, primarily through the non-redox inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme, a key player in leukotriene synthesis. This mechanism underpins its extensive research and use in dietary supplements and traditional medicine for managing inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Studies also indicate potential anti-cancer properties, including pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects against various cancer cell lines. As a well-defined natural product, α-boswellic acid serves as a crucial reference standard in the quality control of *Boswellia* extracts and related herbal products. Its safety profile is generally considered favorable, though high doses may cause minor gastrointestinal discomfort.